LAUSR

There is considerable research interest overlap between biological anthropology and psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), particularly given recent anthropological interest in endocrine and immune system functioning over the life span and in different environmental contexts. In this chapter, I argue that conducting research on non-WEIRD populations and applying an anthropological, evolutionary approach to PNI can greatly strengthen our understanding of immune-endocrine-behavior connections. This chapter reviews population-level variation in the human immune and endocrine systems, as well as genetic and environmental contributions to this variation. The effects of culture on shaping health outcomes and stress responses are also considered. Finally, this chapter discusses some noninvasive sampling methodologies appropriate to field research and alternatives to laboratory-based research designs. By confronting variable social and environmental contexts, PNI can greatly expand on its existing contributions to the treatment and understanding of depression, mood disorders, stress, and other aspects of health and well-being.