LAUSR

Purpose Early prediction of clinical response to conventional chemotherapy is a significant factor in determining an overall treatment strategy for osteosarcoma. Methods Cells were extracted from treatment-naïve biopsies from 16 osteosarcoma patients who received a doxorubicin and cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen and their sensitivities to doxorubicin and cisplatin were measured as IC50 values. Associations of in vitro drug sensitivity (IDS) levels and clinical outcomes were examined. Results Primary osteosarcoma cells responded to doxorubicin and cisplatin with IC50 values of 0.088 ± 0.032 µM and 16.7 ± 8.5 µM, respectively. The patients with a non-metastatic phenotype and surviving patients showed significantly lower IC50 values for both drugs. ROC analysis defined the optimal IC50 cut-off values for doxorubicin (IDS dox ) and cisplatin (IDS cpt ) as 0.05 µM (AUC 0.82) and 14 µM (AUC 0.87), respectively. Survival analysis found significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS, n  = 14) and overall survival (OS, n  = 16) times in the patients with low IDS dox ( p  = 0.0064 for DFS and p  = 0.0102 for OS) and low IDS cpt ( p  = 0.0204 for DFS and p  = 0.0021 for OS). Interestingly, when the patients with low IDS cpt and those with low IDS dox were combined (Group 1), significant associations with prolonged DFS ( p  = 0.0042, C-statistic 0.78) and OS (p  = 0.0010, C-statistic 0.79) were found. In this cohort, histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy could predict only OS. Conclusions This study indicates that IDS analysis could potentially be a practical, rapid, and reliable technique for predicting clinical outcomes. It could also be used to identify patients for whom conventional chemotherapy is most appropriate and, in the future, help advance personalized therapy.