LAUSR

Background and Aims Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) has revolutionised the diagnosis and treatment of small bowel (SB) conditions. However, deep SB insertion can be challenging in patients with a history of abdominal surgery and a two-step procedure is required when findings are not amenable to endoscopic therapy. This case series reports the development of laparoscopically assisted DBE (LA-DBE) using single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS). Methods Retrospective review of LA-DBE procedures performed in a single tertiary centre over 6 years. Results Seventeen patients (median age: 40 years, male 41%) underwent 17 LA-DBE procedures. The approach was oral in 13 and rectal in 4. Laparoscopic approach was standard (multi-port) in the first four cases, SILS was then used in all subsequent patients (13/17). Indications for LA-DBE were previously failed standard DBE ( n  = 16) and need for a combined procedure ( n  = 1). Indications for DBE were Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) ( n  = 10), suspected submucosal/polypoid lesion at small bowel imaging ( n  = 5) and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) with vascular abnormalities seen at capsule endoscopy ( n  = 2). In 1/17 the suggested pathology on imaging was not identified. Therapy was applied in 15/17 (88%) cases. Diagnoses were PJS polyps ( n  = 8), neuroendocrine tumour (NET) ( n  = 2), PJS and NET ( n  = 1), transmural arteriovenous malformation ( n  = 1), angioectesia ( n  = 1), inflammatory polyp ( n  = 1), leiomyoma ( n  = 1) and Meckel’s diverticulum ( n  = 1). The median (range) procedure time was 147 (84–210) mins. Median (range) length of stay post-procedure was 2 (1–19) days. Three patients developed complications. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. Conclusions LA-DBE is a safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure that can be applied for the management of selected patients with small bowel pathology. A SILS approach allows all therapeutic modalities to be available, including conversion to intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE), laparoscopic small bowel resection and laparotomy.