LAUSR

A new attempt of employing salp swarm algorithm (SSA) to tackle the optimal power flow (OPF) problem is demonstrated in the current study. This aforementioned problem has four fitness functions to be optimized such as (1) the sum of generating units’ fuel costs, (2) total network real power losses, (3) entire sum of voltage deviation of load buses, and (4) static voltage stability (VS) of electric power systems. At initial stage, these objective are solved one by one, and at a later stage, different vector objective functions are solved simultaneously by the SSA. The VS study based on a modal analysis is taken into consideration as an objective function. In this issue, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a reduced Jacobian matrix due to the reactive power change are figured. The smaller magnitude of eigenvalues indicates the vicinity to system voltage instability. As the magnitude of eigenvalues increases, the incremental voltage decreases, which means strong VS. The output active power of generating units, their voltages, transformers tap setting, and capacitor devices represent the search field. Two electric grids such as IEEE 57- and 118-bus electric networks are demonstrated to examine the performance of the SSA. The effectiveness of the SSA–OPF methodology is compared with that obtained by using other competing optimization methods. Furthermore, statistical performance measures comprising parametric and nonparametric tests are made and the simulation results are extensively verified which indicate a competition of the SSA with others algorithms in solving the OPF problem.