This letter presents a harmonic-mode PLL (H-PLL) that avoids additional multiplication, filtering, and amplification stages and thus results in an area-efficient implementation. A proof-of-concept 57.5-mW 65-nm CMOS PLL prototype operating… Click to show full abstract
This letter presents a harmonic-mode PLL (H-PLL) that avoids additional multiplication, filtering, and amplification stages and thus results in an area-efficient implementation. A proof-of-concept 57.5-mW 65-nm CMOS PLL prototype operating at 171 GHz provides − 14.2 dBm output power and a spur level of − 67.5 dBc. The PLL is built with a varactor-free 2fO VCO, which is tuned by varying transistor intrinsic capacitances via MOS bulk voltages.
               
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