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BackgroundBreast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, and is the most common cause of cancer deaths in them. Given that such disease has a significant impact on middle-aged women, it can result in considerable labour productivity losses. The main objective of this study is therefore to analyse labour productivity losses and years of potential working life lost as a result of premature deaths from breast cancer in Spain over a 10-year period (2005–2014).MethodTo this end, by combining data on average salary (Salary Structure Survey), occupation (Active Population Survey) and deaths (death registration according to cause of death), a simulation model based on the human capital approach was constructed to estimate productivity losses associated with premature deaths caused by this disease.ResultsThe results reveal that labour productivity losses in women are estimated to cost 2,137 million euros, as a result of the 22,716 deaths occurring during working age and the 292,848 years of potential productive life lost. This implies that breast cancer is responsible for 10.45% of all estimated female labour productivity losses caused by premature deaths in the reference year.ConclusionThe article concludes by highlighting the major economic impact associated with breast cancer deaths and by pointing out future research areas.