LAUSR

The natural antioxidants are well known for their antioxidative activity without side effects when compared to antibiotics. Hence, the present study aimed at evaluating p -Coumaric acid as an antioxidant additive on the blood and mRNA levels of antioxidant-related factors in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). Fish fed the basal diet supplemented with p -Coumaric at 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg for 56 days, then the serum, intestine, and liver samples were collected. The growth performance of fish fed with CA showed significantly ( P < 0.05) improved FW, WG, and SGR compared to those of the control one. However, the feed conversion ratio was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in fish fed 1 and 1.5 g/kg diet levels. SOD was not significantly differed among the groups fed with varied p -Coumaric acid ( P > 0.05). Serum GPX and TAC were enhanced considerably by p -Coumaric acid regarding the control with the highest being in fish fed 1.5 g/kg diet ( P < 0.05). Serum CAT was more elevated in fish provided p -Coumaric acid at 1 or 1.5 g/kg than the control while fish fed 0.5 g/kg did not display significant changes. MDA level significantly decreased by all p -Coumaric acid groups compared to the control one, and the lowest level was observed in 1.5 g/kg ( P < 0.05). The mRNA level of CAT was significantly upregulated in the liver by p -Coumaric acid at 1 or 1.5 g/kg ( P < 0.05), while the intestine CAT did not influence by p -Coumaric acid ( P > 0.05). The measured SOD in the liver and intestine samples revealed no changes in common carp fed p -Coumaric acid ( P > 0.05). GPX was significantly upregulated in the intestine by p -Coumaric acid at 1 or 1.5 g/kg ( P < 0.05), whereas the liver GPX was upregulated by p -Coumaric acid at 1.5 g/kg. The mRNA level of the GST gene in the intestine of common carp was upregulated by p -Coumaric acid at 1.5 g/kg, whereas the liver displayed upregulated GST in fish fed 1 g/kg diet. The present study approved the application of p -Coumaric acid as a natural antioxidant for friendly, sustainable aquaculture.