LAUSR

Road development in the tropics is fraught with economic, socio-political, and environmental risks. Roads have helped alleviate rural poverty to some extent (Jones 2006), but have also caused tremendous collateral environmental damage (e.g., Singleton et al. 2004). In Southeast Asia, for example, roads have been shown to have detrimental environmental impacts on threatened biodiversity (Clements et al. 2014). It is therefore important that road development projects strive to balance social benefits and environmental costs (Laurance and Arrea 2017).