LAUSR

Context Resource movements across ecosystem boundaries are important determinants of the diversity and abundance of organisms in the donor and recipient ecosystem. However the effects of cross-ecosystem movements of materials at broader spatial extents than a typical field study are not well understood. Objectives We tested the hypotheses that (1) variation in abundance of 57 forest songbird species within four foraging guilds is explained by modeled emergent aquatic insect biomass inputs from adjacent lakes and streams and (2) the degree of association varies across foraging guilds and species within guilds. We also sought to determine the importance of emergent aquatic insects while accounting for variation in local forest cover and edge. Methods We spatially modeled the degree to which distribution and abundance of songbirds in different foraging guilds was explained by modeled emergent aquatic insect biomass. We used multilevel models to simultaneously estimate the responses of species in four different insectivorous guilds. Bird abundance was summarized from point counts conducted over 24 years at 317 points. Results Aerial insectivores were more abundant in areas with high estimated emergent insect biomass inputs to land (regression coefficient 0.30, P  < 0.05) but the overall abundance of gleaners, bark-probers, and ground-foragers was not explained by estimated emergent insect abundance. The coursing aerial insectivores had the strongest association with emergent insects followed by willow flycatcher, olive-sided flycatcher, and alder flycatcher. Conclusions Modeling cross-ecosystem movements of materials at broad spatial extents can effectively characterize the importance of this ecological process for aerial insectivorous songbirds.