LAUSR

Climate warming has intensified changes of permafrost freeze–thaw process and postponed the starting period of soil freezing, which significantly affected the processes of N2O production and emission from the soils. However, responses of soil N2O fluxes to freeze–thaw cycles (FTCS) during autumn freezing period in permafrost peatlands in field remain unclear. Therefore, the static chamber-GC techniques were used to explore the effects of autumn FTCS on N2O fluxes in the three permafrost peatlands [Calamagrostis angustifolia peatland (CA), Larix gmelini-Sphagnum swamp (LS), and Eriophorum vaginatum peatland (EV)] in Da Xing’an Mountains, Northeast China, from September to November 2019. The response peaks of N2O fluxes to autumn FTCS in CA (29.22 ± 14.90 μg m−2 h−1) and EV (19.70 ± 7.26 μg m−2 h−1) occurred in the autumn FTCS prophase, whereas LS (11.33 ± 0.90 μg m−2 h−1) appeared in the autumn FTCS metaphase. CA (394.90 μg m−2) and EV (497.82 μg m−2) acted as a N2O source, and LS (− 1321.43 μg m−2) was a N2O sink. The effects of autumn FTCS on N2O fluxes were significantly different (p < 0.001) in the three permafrost peatlands. N2O emissions during autumn FTCS were mainly driven by soil NH4+-N0–50 cm, DOC30–40 cm and 40–50 cm content and soil NO3−-N0–50 cm content. The results implied that autumn FTCS could stimulate soil N2O emissions in permafrost peatlands and confirmed the important contribution of N2O emissions during autumn FTCS to annual nitrogen budget. This study could improve the accuracy of regional estimates of annual nitrogen budget.