LAUSR

The coarse columnar grain layer generated on top of electroforming deposits leads to low surface strength and poor global performance of deposits. Here, we introduce a particle abrasive-induced surface self-nanocrystallization process, which is a part of the electroforming process rather than involving complex poststeps using special equipment. It can generate a thickness-controllable surface nanocrystalline layer on top of copper deposits for performance enhancement. In this study, surface nanocrystalline layers of 10, 20, 50 and 120 μm were fabricated on top of 500-μm-thick copper deposits. The tensile strength of copper deposits increases from 234 to 246, 330, 383 and 421 MPa, with a corresponding decrease in elongation from 26 to 25, 24, 15 and 6%, respectively. The moderately thick surface nanocrystalline layer makes the copper deposits exhibit good comprehensive mechanical properties. In addition, the surface self-nanocrystallization also makes the copper deposits show a better corrosion resistance in a neutral aqueous 0.1 M NaCl solution. This study aims to promote a convenient, controllable and reliable surface self-nanocrystallization process in electroforming for improving the global performance of deposits.