LAUSR

Abstract In recent years, ways to modify the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of functional materials for energy storage have gained an immense interest. One way is through formation of composites by combining two or more compatible materials in the hopes of enhancing properties and superior performance. Surface modification of energy storage materials by coating with transition metals, metal oxides, metal halides and carbon materials has also been exploited with great success. Metal oxides have shown great potential as coating candidates due to their high electric conductivity, ability to enhance structural stability and good electrochemical performance when compared to majority of other surface modifications. In this regard, we review recent advances and various aspects in relation to performance enhancement effects of different metal oxides that are used as coatings on materials for hydrogen adsorption/absorption properties. This review further compares the compatibility of metal oxides on porous and non-porous energy storage materials. Fundamental relationships and the state-of-the art in the prediction of properties and experimental observations are outlined and structure–property-relationships are also discussed. Graphic abstract