LAUSR

To ensure running safety, the secondary spring loads of railway vehicles must be well equalized. Due to the coupling interactive effects of these hyper static suspended structures, the equalization adjustment through shimming procedure is quite complex. Therefore, an effective and reliable method in application is developed in this paper. Firstly, the best regulation of spring load is solved based on a mechanical model of the secondary suspension system, providing a target for actual adjustment. To reveal the relationship between secondary spring load distribution and shim quantity sequence, a forecasting model is constructed and then modified experimentally with consideration of car body’s elastic deformation. Further, a gradient-based algorithm with a momentum operation is proposed for the load optimization. Effectiveness of the whole method has been verified on a test rig. It is experimentally confirmed that this research provides an important basis for achieving an optimal regulation of spring load distribution for multiple types of railway vehicles.摘要为保障行车安全,具有两系悬挂结构的轨道交通车辆其二系支承载荷应尽可能均匀分布。然而, 此类超静定结构往往存在强耦合效应,常规人工加垫调整显得繁琐而低效。为此,本文提出了一种行 之有效的研究方法以指导生产实践。首先对机车车辆二系悬挂结构进行建模并作受力分析,在此基础 上得出二系支承的最优载荷分布状态,作为加垫工序的调整目标。通过探索各支承下的垫片分布与载 荷变化量之间的映射关系,提出了一种载荷分布预测模型,并结合试验过程中车体弹性形变状态对模 型参数进行了优化。此外,为有效求解最优载荷分布以及相应加垫方案,设计了一种基于动量因子的 梯度下降算法。本文研究结果为多种轨道交通车辆的二系支承载荷最优分布实验提供了重要的理论支 持,通过调簧试验台及大量实车测试,验证了本文方法的有效性。