LAUSR

The Emotions as a Child Scale (EAC) assesses five parental emotion socialization strategies for three emotions (anger, fear/anxiety, and sadness): reward, override, neglect, magnify, and punish. However, there is limited research on the factorial and cross-cultural validity and test-retest reliability of the EAC. In the current study, the validity and reliability of the anger socialization component of the EAC was examined among Japanese children and adolescents. In Study 1, to test factorial validity and predictive validity, 655 children and adolescents completed the EAC and a measure of depressive symptoms, and their parents completed a measure of child oppositional defiant behaviors. Neither the original five-factor model nor other previous models fit our data, and a two-factor model (supportive and unsupportive responses) was suggested by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The factorial and predictive validity were sufficient. In Study 2, to assess test-retest reliability and convergent validity, 406 children completed the EAC in two waves separated by a one-month interval and the Parental Bonding Instrument. The test-retest and convergent validity were sufficient. Overall, the Japanese version of the EAC showed adequate reliability and validity.