Considerable residual stress and distortion are inevitably produced by friction stir welding (FSW). An external stationary shoulder was applied to control and eliminate the residual stress and distortion of FSW… Click to show full abstract
Considerable residual stress and distortion are inevitably produced by friction stir welding (FSW). An external stationary shoulder was applied to control and eliminate the residual stress and distortion of FSW joint. A thermo-mechanical model was utilized to analyze the effects of rotational velocities on temperature and stress distribution during welding. Results showed that the stationary shoulder provided synchronous rolling and intense cooling functions during welding, which reduced the peak residual tensile stress near the weld of FSW. The residual distortion of FSW joint was greatly reduced by the external stationary shoulder.
               
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