Introduction This paper reports on the development of a scale to measure intrapersonal factors (IPF) that may influence speaking up behaviour in the operating room. Methods Participants were postgraduate year… Click to show full abstract
Introduction This paper reports on the development of a scale to measure intrapersonal factors (IPF) that may influence speaking up behaviour in the operating room. Methods Participants were postgraduate year 2, 3, and 4 anaesthesiology residents and practising faculty anaesthesiologists at a large quaternary care academic hospital. Based on a literature review, the authors constructed the initial scale. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying factor structure for the scale. A set of one-way ANOVAs and multiple ordinal regressions were carried out to provide additional validity evidence for the new scale. Results Exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor solution accounting for 73% of the variance. The self-efficacy subscale included four items (Cronbach’s α = 0.86), and the social outcome expectations (Cronbach’s α = 0.86) and assertive attitude (Cronbach’s α = 0.67) subscales contained three items each. The effect of training level was significantly associated with self-efficacy (p < 0.001) and assertive attitude subscale scores (p < 0.001). Multiple ordinal regressions indicated that IPF predicted participants’ likelihood of speaking up in various hypothetical scenarios. Discussion Our analyses provided initial evidence for the validity and reliability of a 10-item IPF scale. This instrument needs to be validated in other cohorts.
               
Click one of the above tabs to view related content.