LAUSR

Natural granular materials such as sands often possess complex microstructural features including cleavage and minerals interfaces. Those features bring apparent mechanical anisotropy to particles and are known to have pronounced influence on particle crushing characteristics. This paper presents a multiscale simulation of continuous crushing of granular sand under one-dimensional compression in consideration of particle-scale anisotropy through modeling planes of weakness inside individual particles, with reference to granular materials rich in minerals and containing cleavages. The multiscale modeling is based on a coupled peridynamics and non-smooth contact dynamics method where peridynamics is used to model crushing of individual particles and non-smooth contact dynamics is employed to simulate discrete granular system. Weak microstructural planes are simulated by breaking a fraction of peridynamic bonds as an initial condition. Simulation results show that anisotropic particles containing weak planes result in larger number of fragments and exhibit relatively higher fractal dimension with respect to particle size. Particle shape is found to approach a steady state profile with continuous crushing. Anisotropic particles generally bear smaller sphericity, aspect ratio, elongation and flatness than those isotropic particles. The anisotropy in particles seems to mitigate shape effect on particle strength and crushing energy. Macromechanical yield stress of the sample is related to single particle strength monotonically, but the relationship appears to be nonlinear when different microstructural features are involved.