LAUSR

Most of clinically used cancer biomarkers are either specific glycan structures or glycoproteins. Although the high serum levels of the cancer biomarkers are also present in certain patients suffering noncancer diseases, systematic measurement and comparison of the serum levels of all cancer biomarkers among cancer and noncancer patients have not been reported. In this study, the serum levels of 17 glucose and glycan-related biomarkers including 10 cancer biomarkers SCCA, CA724, CA50, CA242, CA125, CA199, CA153, AFP, CEA, and PSA were retrospectively investigated based on clinical laboratory data in two medical centers during the past 6 years (2012-2018). The data included a total of 1,477,309 clinical lab test results of 17 biomarkers from healthy controls and patients suffering 64 different types of cancer and noncancer diseases. We found that the median serum levels of CA724, CEA, CA153, SCCA, and CA125 were highest not in cancer patients but in patients suffering gout, lung fibrosis, nephrotic syndrome, uremia, and cirrhosis, respectively. Consistently, the classical ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 had better overall sensitivity and specificity as biomarker for cirrhosis (67% and 92%, respectively) than that for ovarian cancer (41% and 97%, respectively). Furthermore, the information shown as heatmap or waterfall built on the -Log10p values of the 17 glycan-related biomarkers in different clinically defined diseases suggested that all glycan-related biomarkers had cancer-, aging-, and disease-relevant characteristics and cancers were systems disease. The detailed presentation of the data for each of the 17 biomarkers will be deliberated in chapters 6-23 in this book series.