Abstract Heterogeneous materials used in biomedical, structural and electronics applications contain a high fraction of solids (>60 vol.%) and exhibit extremely high viscosities (μ > 1000 Pa s), which hinders their 3D printing using existing… Click to show full abstract
Abstract Heterogeneous materials used in biomedical, structural and electronics applications contain a high fraction of solids (>60 vol.%) and exhibit extremely high viscosities (μ > 1000 Pa s), which hinders their 3D printing using existing technologies. This study shows that inducing high-amplitude ultrasonic vibrations within a nozzle imparts sufficient inertial forces to these materials to drastically reduce effective wall friction and flow stresses, enabling their 3D printing with moderate back pressures (
               
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