LAUSR

Background Adding ketamine to local anesthetics used for caudal block in children is an emerging clinical practice. This review aims to resolve controversies related to this adjuvant for a caudal block in children who underwent sub-umbilical surgeries. Methods Between January 2010 and November 2021, PubMed, Cochrane Review, and Google Scholar were searched for a caudal block with ketamine added local anesthetics for children. After screening for eligibility and removing duplicates, 38,187 articles were found, 13 reviewed. Discussion Despite adding ketamine to local anesthetics used for a caudal block, it is a recent technique practiced worldwide. Ketamine showed equi-efficacious as other adjuvants used for the caudal block to control postoperative pain in children. Conclusion Ketamine with a 0.5 mg/kg dose is safe and effective to manage postoperative children's pain when used as an adjuvant to local anesthetics used for caudal block.