In thermal grids and district heating, thermal storage devices play an important role to manage energy demand. Additionally, in smart polygeneration grids, thermal energy storage devices are essential to achieve… Click to show full abstract
In thermal grids and district heating, thermal storage devices play an important role to manage energy demand. Additionally, in smart polygeneration grids, thermal energy storage devices are essential to achieve high flexibility in energy demand management at relatively low cost. In this scenario, accurate evaluation of state of charge of storage vessels based on available measurements is critical.
               
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