LAUSR

Abstract In this study, we propose an experimentally validated Enhanced-Ragone plot (ERp) that displays key characteristics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of their cathode composition and operating conditions, and can be employed as a design tool to guide energy storage system (ESS) selection for applications ranging from electrified vehicles to stationary grid storage. We build the ERp using experiments - under different C-rate and operating temperature - from cylindrical graphite anode LIBs of the type 1865 nickel-cobalt-aluminum-oxide, 2170 nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide and 2665 iron-phosphate. Moreover, for each LIB tested, six cell samples are used to assess the statistical significance and repeatability of the data collected. A zero-th order equivalent circuit-based modeling approach is then proposed and experimentally validated to predict the specific energy and specific power on the ERp. Finally, the proposed ERp framework is showed on a case study of battery sizing in electric vehicle applications.