LAUSR

Abstract We identified familial risk profiles and examined interactions between these profiles and child emotionality in predicting child executive function (EF). Among 126 mother-child dyads (child mean age = 3.23 years), four profiles were found based on maternal education, family income-to-needs ratio, and maternal depressive symptoms, anxiety, and parenting stress: Higher SES-Lower Mental Health Risk, Lower SES-Lower Mental Health Risk, Lower SES-Average Mental Health Risk, and Lower SES-Higher Mental Health Risk profiles. We found that high child positive emotionality at age 3 predicted high inhibitory control and low attention flexibility a year later exclusively in the Lower SES-Higher Mental Health Risk profile. Overall, children in the Higher SES-Lower Mental Health Risk profile showed better inhibitory control and attention flexibility than those in the Lower SES-Higher Mental Health Risk. This study extends our understanding of how different constellations of familial risks interact with child emotionality to contribute to child EF development.