LAUSR

A three-dimensional transient heat transfer model is presented to predict the start-up operation of a multi-tubular cavity reactor under concentrated irradiation in a solar furnace. The reactor consists of a cavity containing nine absorber tubes, through which a suspension of CeO2 in Argon flows. An iterative splitting scheme coupling a Continuous Random Walk, a Finite Volume, and a Ray-Tracing Monte Carlo methods, is implemented to estimate the temperature gradients in the tubes and gas-particle media. The radiation heat transfer among the tubes and cavity walls is considered, as well as conduction and convection in the tubes and the particle suspension. During the initial heating stage, gradients are mainly angular, while in steady-state they are primarily axial. The former may cause tube bending or cracking, and strategies to reduce them are examined. In particular, different heating ramps were simulated, which was found to reduce these initial thermal gradients.