LAUSR

Abstract Aquaculture development, pathogens, and antibiotics were laid in parallel. Sulfadrugs are widely recommended as antibiotics in agriculture and aquaculture sectors. Among the sulphonamide group, sulfamethazine (SMTZ) are predominantly used to treat bacteria and other diseases. SMTZ are not acutely toxic but chronic exposure has effects on organisms. Fish are highly sensitive to slight environmental alterations, their physiological and biochemical alterations reveal the health status of organism and its surroundings. Fish biomarkers such as hematology, biochemical, and antioxidants in blood and organ were routinely analysed to assess the health condition of the fish. In the present study an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala was exposed to two different (1 and 10 mg/L) concentrations of SMTZ for 28 days. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs) were found to be altered in SMTZ exposed fish when compared to control groups in both the concentrations. Likewise, significant (p