LAUSR

The Sun is our nearest star and this star produces various plasma wave processes and energetic events. These phenomena strongly influence interplanetary plasma dynamics and contribute to space-weather. The understanding of solar atmospheric dynamics requires hi-resolution modern observations which, in turn, further advances theoretical models of physical processes in the solar interior and atmosphere. In particular, it is essential to connect the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave processes with the small and large-scale solar phenomena vis-a-vis transport of energy and mass. With the advent of currently available and upcoming high-resolution space (e.g., IRIS, SDO, Hinode, Aditya-L1, Solar-C, Solar Orbiter), and ground-based (e.g., SST, ROSA, NLST, Hi-C, DKIST, EST, COSMO) observations, solar physicists are able to explore exclusive wave processes in various solar magnetic structures at different spatio-temporal scales. With regards to MHD wave studies, solar physicists have now identified ubiquitous MHD waves propagating through the Sun’s atmosphere, from the photosphere through the chromosphere up into the solar corona, identified their specific mode characteristics, and estimated their associated energy flux. Furthermore, there have been substantial gains from magneto-seismological studies, including, estimating magnetic field strengths and determining sub-resolution cross-field and parallel plasma inhomogeneity length scales that would not be possible by other means. However, it has become increasingly apparent that plasma dynamics, e.g., flows, instabilities and condensations, occur simultaneously with these observed waves. This fundamentally questions the widespread use of static background equilibria models which have been the staple of solar atmospheric wave studies since the launch of the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) in 1998. The MHD waves, which are omnipresent in the Sun’s atmosphere, have the potential to be exploited for unprecedented fine-scale and dynamic plasma diagnostics if the