LAUSR

Abstract In this paper, a nonlinear dynamic landing gear model considering the influence of the coupling of the shock absorber stroke variation and the landing gear longitudinal motion with an anti-skid PID braking control system that captures gear walk is established. This gear walk model is verified by comparing with the response from a virtual prototype model. Then a parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out to find out the parameters with greater effects on gear walk and braking performance. The short time Fourier transform is employed to study the transient gear walk amplitude-frequency response, whose results are used to define the optimization constraints. A feedforward controller is proposed as part of the braking control law. Single-objective optimizations are then carried out to improve the gear walk performance while maintaining the braking efficiency. It is shown that the feedforward control, together with the PID feedback controller, can provide 25.68% reduction of the maximum gear walk angle while satisfying other constraints. The stability and robustness of the optimized braking law is verified under different working conditions. Multi-objective optimization is then used to highlight the trade-off between the gear walk vibration and the braking efficiency.