LAUSR

In the adult uterus of mice, rats and humans, the initially closely packed muscle bundles of the inner myometrium (muscular tissue that encircles the endometrium where the conceptus implants) undergo a pregnancy-induced dispersal that is clinically significant and hypothesized to regulate important pregnancy events. However, where, when and how this dispersal occurs, what its functions are, as well as its spatial relationship to the mouse metrial gland/mesometrial lymphoid aggregate of pregnancy (MG/MLAp), are unknown. The MG/MLAp, is a pregnancy-induced uterine structure required for successful rodent pregnancy located mesometrial to (above) the decidua basalis (pregnancy-modified mesometrial endometrium) and defined by its accumulation of maternal lymphocytes known as uterine Natural Killer (uNK) cells. To begin to understand how mouse inner myometrium dispersal (IMD) occurs, we spatiotemporally described it by observing the distribution of its muscle bundles and measuring their volume fraction (VF), as well as the VF of uNKs and stromal cells of inner myometrium. We discovered that (a) IMD (defined as reduction in VF of inner myometrium muscle bundles) is restricted to the mesometrial half of the uterus, is first evident at Embryonic day (E) 5.5 (early postimplantation) but not at E3.5 (preimplantation), further increases between E6.5 and E7.5 and remains unchanged from E7.5 to E10.5, (b) IMD initiation (observed between E3.5 and E5.5) occurs in the absence of uNKs and is associated with VF increases of pre-existing inner myometrium stromal cells and (c) the IMD observed between E6.5 and E7.5 is not associated with VF increases of uNKs or stromal cells. To get functional clues about IMD, we examined whether stromal cells between the dispersed muscle bundles undergo decidualization (important for correct fetomaternal interactions) and provide evidence that they do by E10.5, based on their production of Desmin (decidualization marker). Lastly, we examined whether mouse MG/MLAp only comprises the dispersed inner myometrium or additionally includes the mesometrial triangle (a triangular-like area mesometrial to the inner myometrium at the mesometrium-uterus attachment site), as is the case in rats. Our data supports that the dispersed inner myometrium is the only tissue that makes up the mouse MG/MLAp. In conclusion, we provide novel cellular and spatiotemporal insights about IMD that will contribute to understanding its mechanism and function and allow more informed inter-species comparisons about this process.