LAUSR

In this study, CH4 production from anaerobic digestion (AD) of refractory cellulose was investigated at a high loading of 3.5 (VScellulose/VSinoculum) under nanobubble water (NBW) addition. A longer proton spin-spin relaxation time (2611-2906 ms) of NBW during 35 days' storage reflected its high mobility and diffusion of water molecules. Higher volatile fatty acids were yielded at the hydrolysis-acidification stage under NBW addition. Methanogenesis tests showed that Air-NBW and CO2-NBW supplementation accelerated the utilization of crystalline cellulose, achieving methane yields of 264 and 246 mL CH4/g-VSreduced, increasing by 18% and 10% compared to deionized water addition (the control), respectively. In addition, under NBW addition the cellulose crystallinity reduction was enhanced by 14-20% with microbial community being enriched with hydrolytic and methanogenic bacteria. Results from this work suggest that NBW environment with no chemical addition and relatively low energy consumption is advantageous for enhanced AD process of cellulosic biomass.