LAUSR

Abstract The indoor ventilation environment has restricted the development of tiny sleeping spaces, such as capsule hotels, sleeping boxes and soft sleeper compartments, that play an increasingly important role in urban life. Thus, it is imperative to determine a ventilation method that can create comfortable sleeping environments in tiny spaces. In this study, three attached ventilation scenarios were proposed, and numerical simulations and experimental validations were conducted to investigate the airflow characteristics. The draught rate, facial-area speed ratio, predicted mean vote, CO2 concentration, ventilation effectiveness, and mean age of air were used to evaluate the performance of three ventilation scenarios. In Scenario 1, the velocity in the occupied zone was between 0.1 and 0.24 m/s, which could achieve the most comfortable facial speed distribution; the PMV also met the criteria for category B (−0.5