Abstract Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), consisting of pharmaceuticals, industrial/household additives, and their transformation products, have been widely detected in surface water bodies and may lead to potential ecological risks. Installing… Click to show full abstract
Abstract Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), consisting of pharmaceuticals, industrial/household additives, and their transformation products, have been widely detected in surface water bodies and may lead to potential ecological risks. Installing a tertiary treatment step in sewage treatment plants (STP) is an effective method to control their contamination. In this study, a pilot-scale biofilter was set up with natural manganese oxides as carrier materials at a local STP to treat the real secondary effluent. This innovative and simple reactor was on-site operated for approximately 500 days. Some EOCs were effectively removed after adaptation, including 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine (98%), gabapentin (97%), tramadol (93%), carbamazepine (91%), benzotriazole (91%), sulfamethoxazole (88%), erythromycin (86%). By contrast, the removal of others can be obtained without adaptation, including diclofenac (91%), carboxy-acyclovir (91%), iomeprol (89%), 1-hydroxybenzotriazol (87%), 4′-hydroxydiclofenac (86%), acyclovir (73%), tolyltriazole (70%). Overall, 80% of the total mass of 15 detected EOCs was eliminated from the secondary effluent. In addition, 53% of UV 254 was removed from wastewater, indicating the aromatic content was damaged to a certain extent.
               
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