LAUSR

Abstract This study assessed the integrated impact of tidal flow, microbial fuel cell (MFC), flood (F)-dry (D) period ratio, and media on organic matter, nutrient removal pathways in subsurface flow constructed wetlands that received municipal wastewater. The tidal flow-based MFC constructed wetlands were filled with organic (biochar, coal, jute fiber), waste (slag), construction materials (concrete, brick), and planted with Phragmite australis or Chrysopogon zizanioides (i.e., Vetiver). The tidal flow-based MFC wetlands were operated under sequential flood-dry periods; three F:D ratio values (i.e., 8hrs: 16hrs; 16 hrs: 8 hrs; 24 hrs: 0 hrs) were employed within three operational periods. Mean input chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) load across the tidal flow-based MFC wetlands ranged between 45 and 1130, 6–71, and 0.1–25 g/m2d, respectively; removal percentages ranged between 75 and 100, 57–86, and 80–100%, respectively. Nutrient accumulation percentage in wetland plants was