LAUSR

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the sustainability metrics and bioeconomy of the integrated bio-combustion system. Based on previous experiments, inventory data were standardized for a functional unit of 1 kg of mass, 1 MJ of energy, 1 m3 of water, and a stream factor of 0.90. The impact categories resulted in a net energy ratio of 0.71, greenhouse gas emissions of 0.70 kgGHG/kgfuel, global warming potential of 12,523.60 kgCO2eq/yr, water footprint of 56.40 m3/m3/yr, acidification potential of 33 kgSO2eq/yr, eutrophication potential of 4.42 × 10−3 kgNeq/yr, and ozone depletion potential of 2.15 × 10−8 kgCFC-11 eq/yr. Regarding the utilities, fuel consumption cost was reduced close to 40%, and the oxygen and volatile organic compounds productions were responsible for the majority revenue generation. Besides, both avoided and captured carbons obtained potential revenues through carbon credits. The current contribution of the integrated process has shown improved environmental performance and is a promising approach towards circular bioeconomy.