Summary Low proton conduction, resulting from interrupted H+ hopping between water molecules to form H3O+ ions, significantly complicates the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at intermediate temperatures (80–120°C)… Click to show full abstract
Summary Low proton conduction, resulting from interrupted H+ hopping between water molecules to form H3O+ ions, significantly complicates the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at intermediate temperatures (80–120°C) and low relative humidities (
               
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