LAUSR

Abstract Plane parallel electrodes are favoured, in laboratory studies and industry, for electrosynthesis, environmental treatment and energy conversion. This electrode geometry offers uniform current distribution, while a flow channel ensures a controlled reaction environment. Performance can be enhanced by the use of tailored electrode surfaces, porous, three-dimensional (3D) electrodes and bipolar electrical connections. Scale-up can be achieved by increasing the electrode size, the number of electrodes in a stack, or the number of stacks in a system. Recent trends include (a) 3D printing of fast prototype cell components, (b) use of porous 3D electrode supports and their decoration, (c) development of microflow cells for electrosynthesis, (d) anodic Fenton oxidations for wastewater treatment and (e) computational models to simulate and rationalise reaction environment and performance. Future research needs are highlighted.