LAUSR

HighlightsOncogenic drivers and mechanisms of adaptive immunity are changing the landscape of lung cancer treatment.Cancers can disrupt cancer cell immune recognition by interfering with immune‐check‐point pathways.Immune check point molecules PD‐1, PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4 are relevant targets for cancer therapy.Based on clinical trials, anti PD‐1 and anti PD‐L1 agents have been approved for advanced NSCL. &NA; Cancers have the ability to disrupt immune response by interfering with adaptive immunity. Blocking checkpoint pathways has become a target for pharmacological research in lung cancer with particular focus on peptides PD‐1 and CTLA‐4. A number of immune check‐point inhibitors (ICIs) targeting both PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 pathways are under investigation within clinical trials, of which Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab have already been approved for lung cancer treatment by both FDA and EMA. Employed as single‐agents in current practice for the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ICIs have exhibited advantages in terms of overall survival and response rate with some responses being durable. Evaluating combinations of different inhibitors, dosing and sequencing within a multimodal therapy approach, together with better management of toxicity represents a new challenge for future research of therapy targeting immune check‐points.