LAUSR

Abstract Nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne, commonly known as root-knot nematodes, are sedentary endoparasites that cause diseases in plants, especially in economically important crops. On the other hand, mycorrhizal fungi form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots, in which the fungus provides nutrients to the plant and the plant provides carbohydrates to the fungus. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize approximately 4/5 of all terrestrial plants, across several ecosystems. AMF may reduce the negative impact of Meloidogyne on plants. However, interactions between AMF and Meloidogyne are complex and depend on the species of fungus, plant, and nematode, as well as soil conditions. In general, sedentary nematodes, such as Meloidogyne spp., are more affected by AMF than migratory nematodes. While the effect of AMF on the growth of plants infected with Meloidogyne is highly variable, it is generally positive. Furthermore, AMF can reduce nematode development. Sustainable agriculture, which guarantees human food security without negatively impacting the environment, is currently being promoted around the world. AMF, naturally present in soil and acting as biostimulators and bioprotectors, may be highly beneficial to sustainable agriculture, maintaining plant production and reducing pathogens without harming the environment. Given the importance of sustainable crop management and the lack of studies specifically addressing AMF and Meloidogyne interactions, the aim of this article is to review the use of AMF in the control of root-knot nematodes in various crops, exploring possible mechanisms of AMF protection.