LAUSR

HighlightsCD56+ uNK cells produce angiogenic factors around the time of implantation.An increased expression of angiogenic factors in uNK cells was observed in RM.The altered expression may associate with underlying endometrial pathology in RM. Objective: To compare the expression pattern of angiogenic cytokines in CD56+ uNK cells from peri‐implantation endometrium in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage and fertile controls. Methods: 28 women were recruited, from which 18 women were diagnosed as recurrent miscarriage and 10 women were of proven fertility. Endometrial biopsy samples were obtained precisely 7 days after luteinization hormone surge in a natural cycle. The angiogenic profile of isolated CD56+ uNK cells was determined by RayBio human angiogenesis antibody array G Series 1000. Differentially expressed angiogenic cytokines between groups were validated by ELISA kits. Results: CD56+ uNK cells freshly isolated from peri‐implantation endometrium were determined to be >90% pure. Angiogenic cytokine array demonstrated that CD56+ uNK cells are one of the angiogenic factors producers in endometrium around the time of embryo implantation. A differential angiogenic cytokine expression profile was found between two groups, with significantly higher expressions of angiogenin, VEGF‐A and bFGF in CD56+ uNK cells from women with recurrent miscarriage, compared with fertile controls. Conclusions: Differential angiogenic cytokine profile of isolated CD56+ uNK cells suggested the role of uNK cells in the altered endometrial vascularity at the time of implantation, which may account for the endometrial contribution to recurrent miscarriage.