LAUSR

Abstract The goal of the present study was to design and manufacture the semi-industrial continuous flow photoreactor (SICFP) and solar photovoltaic (PV) for wastewater purification to combat potable water shortages in remote areas. The economic costs are essential for the implementation of PV-SICFP photocatalytic applications due to Egypt is a sunny country all year round. The design of solar photovoltaic (PV) was improving the cost efficiency and the environmental sustainability of producing potable water in isolated regions such as the 10th of Ramadan city, El Qnayat village, and Abraq and Abu Safaa area in Shalateen city, southeast of Egypt. The hydrogeochemistry and evaluation of the collected water samples were assessed. The flexibility of the PV-SICFP reactor provides sustainable freshwater resources for urban communities that are suffering from water scarcity. All factors affecting the efficiency of the prepared PS/(TiO2/SiO2) nanocomposite (NC) membrane and the PV-SICFP reactor, the factors affecting the cost of the unit produced, the achievement of sustainable development goals in desert communities, and the lack of energy supply in many targeted sites have been studied concerning time. The degradation efficiency shows 54% and 41% using Phenol and methyl orange (MO) as instances of organic pollutions, respectively, and 96% of Phenol using 0.1 wt% (103 ppm) H2O2 as an oxidizing agent. The PS/(TiO2/SiO2) NC membrane and the PV-SICFP system are selected to produce 0.5 m3/d of potable water. The PV-SICFP system is used to decrease the total cost ranging from about 4.15 m3/US$ depending on using a small photoreactor (one unit with electricity) to approximately 1.43 m3/US$ depending on the SICFP (solar energy), which represents at least a third of the cost. The cost of water treatment of one cubic meter using the SICFP prototype is