Highlights • Individual risk of pneumococcal carriage and of acute respiratory symptoms increases with the number of close contacts.• More frequent contact with young children increases the risk of pneumococcal… Click to show full abstract
Highlights • Individual risk of pneumococcal carriage and of acute respiratory symptoms increases with the number of close contacts.• More frequent contact with young children increases the risk of pneumococcal carriage in adults.• The risk of nasopharyngeal carriage did not increase with the frequency of short casual contacts, irrespective of age.
               
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