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PURPOSE To develop and validate the Epilepsy Self-Management Scale (ESMS) for Chinese persons with epilepsy (PWE). METHODS On the basis of ESMS, the standard translation procedure was used to set up the Chinese version of the ESMS (C-ESMS). A consecutive cohort of PWE admitted in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital were recruited randomly from May 2017 to December 2017 and required to complete the C-ESMS. Project analysis was employed to test the homogeneity of each dimension. Content validity was evaluated by experts. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to assess the validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability. RESULTS Of the 400 completed C-ESMS forms, only 394 (98.5%) were suitable for analysis. The C-ESMS included 34 items and five dimensions, after removing four and modifying three items. The correlation coefficient of all 34 items was greater than 0.4. Each item level (I-CVI) and scale level CVI (S-CVI) was equal to 1. Five factors were extracted and together they explained 51.24% of the data's variance. The factor load of each item was 0.446-0.843. The CFA showed that CMIN/DF was 1.325, goodness of fit was 0.835, comparative fit index was 0.921, and root mean square error of approximation was 0.041. The total Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.848, and Cronbach's alpha in each dimension was 0.784-0.845. CONCLUSION The C-ESMS exhibited good reliability and validity for adult PWE in western China.