LAUSR

Abstract This paper proposes a stochastic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach aiming at improvement of the reliability level of electric distribution network through a contingency-based energy storage systems (ESSs) incorporation, considering ESSs ancillary services and control sequences in service restoration. Further, charging stations installed in each ESSs are supposed to be purchased from various ESSs service providers with different charging/discharging rates. The proposed fitness function aims to simultaneously minimize the expected total cost of reliability (ETRC) and the expected system average interruption duration index (ESAIDI), to deal with economic and technical reliability aspects, respectively. The ETRC includes total cost of interruption and the total ESSs incorporation cost. In addition, the uncertainties in the restoration process in presence of the ESSs, including distribution system conditions and the available power of the cooperated ESSs during service restoration process are considered by several prospective scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is investigated using a standard reliability test system (RBTS-4). The convergence of the proposed MILP approach is compared to the other methodologies presented in recent studies that proves the higher tractability of the proposed approach.