LAUSR

Abstract This paper presents a hybrid cooperative-competitive strategy to model the transactive energy in the inter-connected microgrid (ICMG) systems. The interaction between the distribution system operator (DSO) and ICMG system is formulated by a dynamic leader multi-followers framework. The DSO at the upper-level of optimization designs the transactive prices for the energy exchange with ICMG. The goal of DSO is profit maximization that is provided by selling energy to the MGs. At the lower level, an analytic algorithm is performed to study the cooperation among MGs and increases the bargaining power of ICMG. The proposed model investigates all of the strategies to ensure the optimal solution. The Shapley value is employed to allocate the overall gain of cooperation among MGs based on their contribution. All of the strategies are ranked and classified using the utility concept and the best coalition is selected by the average class. A probabilistic approach is used to handle the uncertain natures of renewable generation, market prices, and loads. The proposed model is applied to a standard case study. The simulation results show that the cost of the ICMG has been decreased. Also, cooperation among MGs reduces the number of interrupts and the amount of load shedding.