LAUSR

Abstract Nowadays, interactions with smartphones are constantly increasing. These devices are used in a wide variety of situations by performing various tasks. The purpose of this study is to determine whether one or more strategies emerge when subjects freely send message and browse on the web in three environmental conditions: sitting with or without support and standing. Therefore, a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to the angular parameters of the neck and trunk as well as to the distance between the face and the telephone. These 3D motion analysis data were also processed taking into account the ergonomic recommendations from the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment in order to qualify the postural strategies highlighted by the HCA. The findings showed that there are three different postural strategies adopted by the subjects especially in the sagittal plane: a first one involves the neck without implying the trunk; a second one strongly mobilizes the trunk flexion without involving the neck; and a third postural strategy which combines these two behaviors. These three postural strategies depend on the environmental condition. Indeed, the postural strategy involving the trunk is associated with the presence of a support while the one involving the neck only appears in conditions without support. It is also observed that smartphone users mainly adopt harmful postures, whether due to excessive flexion of the neck, trunk or both. Even when subjects place themselves in the least harmful postures, there are always risks of musculoskeletal disorders in the short or long term.