LAUSR

Experts’ summary: Seisen and colleagues evaluated the benefit associated with adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in locally advanced urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UTUC) [1]. The study included 3253 patients from the National Cancer Data Base treated between 2004 and 2012 who received ACT (n = 762; 23.4%) or observation (n = 2491; 76.6%) after RNU. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)–adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves showed greater median overall survival (OS) of 47.4 mo in the adjuvant therapy group versus 35.8 mo in the observation group (p < 0.001). The 5-yr IPTW-adjusted OS rate was 43.90% versus 35.85%. Moreover, the OS benefit was consistent across all subgroups examined (all p < 0.05), with no significant heterogeneity of treatment effect detected.