LAUSR

Abstract Pectin/agar blended multifunctional composite films were prepared by reinforcing with melanin nanoparticles (MNP) and grapefruit seed extract (GSE). The physical properties of composite films made by mixing pectin and agar have been improved. The MNP and GSE were well dispersed in the pectin/agar blend film. The addition of MNP and GSE significantly increased the composite film's UV-blocking property, with some sacrificing transparency. The addition of MNP increased the mechanical strength of the agar/pectin film over GSE, but the addition of MNP and GSE together synergistically increased the film's strength. The film's thermal stability was not affected by the addition of MNP and GSE, but the water vapor barrier property was significantly increased. The water resistance and water swelling properties were increased considerably by the addition of MNP and GSE. The pectin/agar composite film showed intense antioxidant activity and excellent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens by adding MNP and GSE.