LAUSR

Abstract Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used successfully to treat a variety of gastroenterological diseases. The alterations of microbiota in mouse models of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) as well as in patients suggested the possibility of treating NEC with FMT. Here we show that FMT caused an improvement in the histopathology and symptoms of NEC in WT mice, but not Grx1‐/‐ mice. FMT eliminated O2•– production and promoted NO production in experimental NEC mice though the modulation of S‐glutathionylation of eNOS (eNOS‐SSG). FMT decreased the extent of TLR4‐mediated proinflammatory signaling though TLR9 in the intestinal mucosa tissue. FMT also suppressed intestinal apoptosis and bacterial translocation across the intestinal barrier, which was accompanied by decreased inflammatory cytokine levels, altered bacterial microbiota, and regulated lymphocyte proportions. FMT is effective in a mouse model of NEC through the modulation of oxidative stress and reduced colon inflammation. Graphical abstract Figure. No Caption available. HighlightsFMT eliminate O2•– production, detected in NEC, though modulation of eNOS S‐glutathionylation.In intestinal tissue, FMT suppress the TLR4‐mediated proinflammatory signaling, though TLR9.The intestinal apoptosis suppression by FMT was followed with anti‐inflammatory effect of TLR9.