LAUSR

Vertebrate genomes have been considered to have undergone a complicated evolution during their early period and to have generated a large number of genetic templates with novel functions, such as an extended spinal cord and a dorsal central nervous system. However, consistent gene evolution in vertebrate genomes has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we have systematically investigated the gene evolution in vertebrates utilizing a series of comparative genomics tools. We determined that three critical genes were consistently lost in vertebrate genomes, and 14 genes initially emerged in vertebrate formation. Furthermore, another 29 genes were identified with consistent amino acid variation between the vertebrates and invertebrates. A function analysis of five genes (TEP3, ABLIM2, ABLIM3, GAD1 and GAD2) was performed, and their evolution mechanisms in vertebrate genomes further investigated. These findings provide novel insights for studying the vertebrate evolution and spine development.