LAUSR

Abstract Synthetic gypsum, a by-product of electricity generation, is used as a soil amendment to overcome water ponding, improve soil and water quality, improve field conditions to support farm equipment, and reduce the variability of crop yield in no-till fields by improving hydrology. Gypsum is a source of soluble calcium (Ca) that improves physical properties of the soil by promoting clay aggregation, thereby increasing water infiltration rates and movement through the soil profile. Undisturbed soil samples from Brookston and Celina soils in Ohio, USA were collected to a depth of 75 cm in agricultural fields treated with gypsum for 0, 4, and 12 years to determine changes in chemical and physical properties. Gypsum applications increased exchangeable Ca and Ca: Mg ratios, and promoted clay flocculation and improved soil structure. Mean weight diameter of aggregates increased with gypsum treatment at most depths in both soils. Micromorphological analysis showed variations in porosity (ɸ), pore size distribution, pore shape and aggregate size related to gypsum treatment, soil, and soil depth. There were no consistent responses to years of gypsum application. Gypsum treated soils had higher porosity than untreated soils in all depths