LAUSR

The 2 orifices work as a window for the extracardiac nerves and extracardiac vessels to enter the epicardial layer of the heart. Introduction Precise appreciation of the living anatomy of the pericardial space is important to ensure procedural success without compromising safety during the epicardial approach. However, comprehensive 3-dimensional appreciation of the pericardial anatomy is extremely difficult. Thus far, learning sources of 3-dimensional pericardial anatomy have been limited to the dissection images and/or illustrations. Visualization of the entire picture of the pericardial space has been challenging. We herein presented comprehensible volumerendered images of the pericardial space, reconstructed from the case of cardiac tamponade.